CO2 BIO-FIXATION POTENTIAL IN POWER PLANT DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS INDONESIA’S DEEP DECARBONIZATION

RG Dewi^1,2, UWR Siagian^1,3, KE Prasetya², SEF Sitanggang⁵, A Primananda², VTF Harisetyawan², IN Ikhsan³, GN Sevie^6*

¹Center for Research on Energy Policy, Institut Teknnologi Bandung, Indonesia

²Center for Research Technology Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry, National Research and Innovation Agency, 11 Building, PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Indonesia, 15314.

³Directorate of Facilitation and Monitoring of Regional Research and Innovation, National Research and Innovation Agency, BJ Habibie Building, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10340

⁴Directorate of Environment, Maritime, Natural Resources, and Nuclear Policy, National Research and Innovation Agency, BJ Habibie Building, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10340

⁵Research Center of Environment and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, 820 Building, PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Indonesia, 15314

⁶Research Center for Process and Manufacturing Industry technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, 625 Building, PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Indonesia, 15314

^6* Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/icsbe.vol4.art23

ABSTRACT

Indonesia’s NDC target, both unconditional and conditional, has not significantly contributed to balancing GHG removals and emissions in three-quarters of the 21st century to keep global temperature increases below 1.5 °C. A more in-depth analysis is needed to reduce GHG emissions to preserve global temperatures at 1.5°C. The AIM-ExSS and AIM/Enduse models analyze Indonesia’s long-term (2050) power mitigation through several scenarios. (i) The BaU (Business as Usual) or baseline scenario assumes no effort to improve energy efficiency or add renewable energy since the base year, resulting in additional electricity needs being met by conventional fossil power plants. CM1: extended-conditional NDC (iii) CM2: Extended-unconditional NDC (iv) CM3 is an ambitious power decarbonization scenario. In 2050, CM1 and CM2 reduced GHG emissions by 22% and 24%, respectively. CM3 potentially reduces 2,422 million tons of CO2e, or 92% of the 2050 baseline emissions. CCS (carbon capture and storage) technology is a key technology for deep decarbonization in the power sector. In addition to geologic sequestration, CO2 bio-fixation by cultivating microalgae can be considered as CCS. This study assessed Airlift-Vertigro bio-reactors to cultivate Botryococcus braunii for CO2 bio-fixation and biofuel (microalgal oil), which can be used to achieve carbon neutrality in the power sector.

Keywords: CO2 storage, climate change mitigation, microalgae, renewable energy

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